Number of Victims (1943−1945) According to conservative Polish estimates, the “anti-Polish operation” conducted by the OUN-B and UPA resulted in a total of 80,000−100,000 victims (from early 1943 to mid-1945): 40,000–60,000 in Volhynia, 30,000−40,000 in Eastern Galicia, at least 4,000 in present-day Polish territory, including up to 2,000 in the Chełm region. The number of Ukrainian victims of the Polish retaliation during that period is estimated at 9,000−13,000 (ca. 2,000−3,000 in Volhynia, 1,000−2,000 in Eastern Galicia, and 6,000−7,000 in the present-day Polish territory, including 2,500 in the Chełm region). According to Ukrainian historians, approx. 17,000−24,000 Ukrainians died at the hands of Poles from late 1942 until early 1945 (10,000−12,000 in Volhynia, Polesie, and in the vicinity of Beresteczko, 3,000−5,000 in Eastern Galicia, 4,000−7,000 in the Chełm region, including up to 4,000 in the Hrubieszów county). Ukrainian historians estimate the Polish losses, in turn, at 40,000−60,000, including 23,000−40,000 in Volhynia, and 15,000−20,000 in the Eastern Galicia. Ukrainian estimates do not include Poles killed in the Chełm region.